• br Acknowledgments The authors thank Claudia Wittrock for he

  2024-03-30

  

  Acknowledgments The authors thank Claudia Wittrock for her excellent technical assistance. The work was supported by grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB974 TP B05) and of the Anton-Betz-Stiftung to N.K. A.M. is an associate member of the iBrain graduate school at the University of

• br Neurological development and BCAAs Glutamate is an import

  2024-03-30

  

  Neurological development and BCAAs Glutamate is an important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and BCAAs (especially leucine) function to synthesize glutamate in astrocytes around neurons, since leucine enters the brain from the blood more rapidly than other Carmofur mg and provides ∼25%

• br ABCA mRNA expression is elevated in

  2024-03-30

  

  ABCA2 mRNA expression is elevated in Niemann-Pick type C and familial hypercholesterolemia fibroblasts Niemann-Pick Type C disease is a neurological disorder of adolescents due to autosomal-recessive mutations in either one or both Niemann-Pick-2 (NPC2) and NPC1 genes, which, like ABCA2, are loca

• Norepinephrine and epinephrine are catecholamines CA release

  2024-03-30

  

  Norepinephrine and epinephrine are catecholamines (CA) released from synaptic nerves and the adrenal gland that mediate systemic responses to nutritional stressors (Cannon and De la Paz, 1911). CA mobilize plasma glucose by suppressing insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell (Katada and Ui, 198

• In the vasculature it is known that A

  2024-03-30

  

  In the vasculature, it is known that A2A and A2B adenosine receptors are stimulatory for adenylyl-cyclase, leading to cyclic-AMP (cAMP) production and vasodilation, while the A1 and A3 adenosine receptors are linked to the inhibitory Gi, suppressing adenylyl-cyclase and favoring contraction. However

• Curcumin is the principal natural polyphenol curcuminoid of

  2024-03-30

  

  Curcumin is the principal natural polyphenol curcuminoid of turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome, a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) [13]. Curcumin has a wide spectrum of therapeutic properties, and it has been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiangiogenesis, che

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Very few

  2024-03-30

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Very few ARF inhibitors have been developed to study the key functions these small GTP-binding proteins play in pathophysiology. The natural compound Brefeldin A (BFA) has exhibited drastic effects in cells such as collapse of the Golgi because of it

• br Conflict of interest statement br

  2024-03-30

  

  Conflict of interest statement Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly complex process characterized by an increased number of epithelial and stromal GNF 2 in the transition zone. , , Autopsy studies by McNeal detail the evolution of histological changes within these 2 cellular compartme

• At present drugs that specifically inhibit

  2024-03-29

  

  At present, drugs that specifically inhibit YAP activity are not available. In fact, verteporfin, which was originally described as a specific inhibitor of YAP-TEAD interaction, has been recently shown to exert its activity through selective induction of proteotoxicity rather than through YAP inhibi

• In vascular endothelial cells L

  2024-03-29

  

  In vascular endothelial cells, L-arginine produces nitric oxide (NO) under the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and nitric oxide can activate guanylate cyclase to produce a large amount of cGMP, thereby relaxing vascular smooth muscle and expanding blood vessels. Numerous studies have confirme

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Arginase catalyzes

  2024-03-29

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Arginase catalyzes the reaction in which l-arginine is converted to l-ornithine and urea. In humans, two arginase isoenzymes have been identified, arginase 1 and arginase 2, that differ in cellular location and tissue distribution [1]. Both arginase enzymes a

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgements The

  2024-03-29

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgements The authors thank Prof. Yongbing Cao from School of Pharmacy, the Second Military Medical University, for providing the fluconazole-resistant strains of Candida albicans(strain 100 and strain 103). This work was supported by Program for Innovative Research

• Interestingly we found that co

  2024-03-29

  

  Interestingly, we found that co-treatment with losartan prevented the increased participation of ROS from NADPH oxidase on the contractile response to Phe observed in Hg-treated rats. Moreover, losartan also prevented the reduction in the endothelial NO modulation of this response found in treated a

• GF 109203X Finally intracrine androgen synthesis metabolism

  2024-03-29

  

  Finally, intracrine androgen synthesis/metabolism can be activated thus allowing GF 109203X to bypass the low levels of androgens in the circulation by producing androgens themselves (Cai and Balk, 2011, Rahman et al., 2004). Moreover, changes in AR co-regulators like the overexpression of steroid r

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments T

  2024-03-29

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments This study is funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grants NS028901 and DC004450 (to L.O.T.); N.L. Tartar Trust Fellowship (to H.-W.L.); DC014878 to T.S.B. We thank members of the Trussell lab for helpful discussions, Dr. Stephen Dav

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