• In summary our data show a

  2020-08-14

  

  In summary, our data show a novel mechanism: CPD-mediated autoprocessing of C difficile toxins regulates their proinflammatory activities. Thus, our study provides a new understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of C difficile toxins and insights into designing new therapeutics a

• Electroencephalographs at onset ranged from hypsarrhythmia t

  2020-08-14

  

  Electroencephalographs at onset ranged from hypsarrhythmia to mild abnormalities but more abnormalities in background rhythms and epileptiform activity develop over time.15, 17, 19, 48, 52, 54, 55 Early mild abnormalities that sometimes precede a diffuse encephalopathy included focal delta slowing i

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We are grateful to

  2020-08-13

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We are grateful to Amaia Lujambio, James Fagin, and Ramon Parsons for providing cell lines and Evripidis Gavathiotis for critical reading of the manuscript. We would like to thank Saboor Hekmaty for providing expertise with RNA-seq analysis. P.I.P. would like to ac

• br Introduction Prostaglandins are important local mediators

  2020-08-13

  

  Introduction Prostaglandins are important local mediators in a host of reproductive processes including ovulation, fertilization, embryonic development, luteal regression, and parturition (Ushikubi et al., 2000). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is among the more versatile prostanoids, and its effects app

• In the horse oviduct the EP receptor was most strongly

  2020-08-13

  

  In the horse oviduct, the EP2 receptor was most strongly expressed in epithelial folate analogue particularly in nonciliated (secretory) epithelial cells as evidenced by IHC. Furthermore, relative amount of EP2 mRNA was greater in the ampulla than in the isthmus, although this likely reflects diffe

• In conclusion our study has demonstrated that

  2020-08-13

  

  In conclusion, our study has demonstrated that PGE2 stimulates expression of survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Although there are 4 subtypes of EP receptors, the EP1 receptor appears to be the predominant receptor that regulates PGE2-induced expression of survivin, mainly through trans-act

• amyloid beta protein receptor From an industrial perspective

  2020-08-13

  

  From an industrial perspective, the low turnover numbers and limited substrate scope of α-KG halogenases still represents a significant challenge. However, in light of the fact that currently no chemical processes are available for the selective halogenation of aliphatic carbon centers in complex mo

• br Materials and methods br

  2020-08-13

  

  Materials and methods Result and discussion qRT-PCR was utilized to explore the effect of acetamizuril on the mRNA level of enolase. The results were analyzed according to the Livak 2−ΔΔCT method (Schmittgen and Livak, 2008): the mean CT of the enolase in treated and untreated samples was 29.8

• ApoE is secreted from astrocytes glia

  2020-08-13

  

  ApoE is secreted from astrocytes/glia into the interstitial fluid and is important for metabolizing Aβ because of its propensity for binding Aβ as a cholesterol and phospholipid acceptor in reverse cholesterol transport [8]. Aβ oligomers show a direct toxicity to neurons, and ApoE inhibits oligomer

• br DDR mediated signaling DDRs initiate

  2020-08-13

  

  DDR-mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling pathways in a context and cell type-dependent manner. For instance, DDR1 was reported to activate ERK in vascular smooth muscle Apamin australia (Lu et al., 2011), to inhibit ERK in mesangial cells (Curat and Vogel, 2002), and to have no effect on E

• ER stress was monitored by both an

  2020-08-13

  

  ER stress was monitored by both an increase of the ER chaperone (GRP78, GRP94) and the activation of the ER resident caspase-12. ER stress response (also known as the unfolded protein response) is a defense mechanism against various cellular stresses which causes accumulation of unfolded proteins in

• AZD8931 Because EBI is expressed on the major subsets

  2020-08-13

  

  Because EBI2 is expressed on the major subsets of immune cells, and small molecule antagonists for EBI2 were recently described (Benned-Jensen et al., 2013, Gessier et al., 2014), EBI2 constitutes a tempting drug target reminiscent of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor superagonist fingolimod/Gile

• Because of the important role of the DDB CUL B

  2020-08-13

  

  Because of the important role of the DDB1-CUL4B interaction for CUL4B-based E3 ligases, disruption of the DDB1-CUL4B interaction could be an effective approach to treat cancer. Therefore, we developed an in vitro HTS assay based on yeast cell growth inhibition to identify compounds that could disrup

• DNA damage represents a persistent threat to genomic stabili

  2020-08-13

  

  DNA damage represents a persistent threat to genomic stability. A critical link exists between DNA mutation, chromosomal rearrangement and cancer development. In myeloid malignancies, various chromosomal translocations and/or mutations increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), followed by DS

• The preferences for source of FAs for DGAT and DGAT

  2020-08-13

  

  The preferences for source of FAs for DGAT1 and DGAT2 are related to their membrane topologies, subcellular locations, interactions with other proteins or organelles (discussed in the former section), and their differential expression, substrate specificities, and enzyme kinetics. According to UniPr

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