• Though the physiological roles of

  2020-01-08

  

  Though the physiological roles of microglia-derived elastases in the CNS are not well understood, their involvement in the metabolism of cholecystokinin [41] and in the processing of plasminogen to produce a low molecular weight plasminogen that enhances neurite outgrowth has been reported [38]. Exp

• Neonatal hydronephrosis induced by TCDD exposure via lactati

  2020-01-07

  

  Neonatal hydronephrosis induced by TCDD exposure via lactation has a critical window for onset: the incidence of this disease peaks around PNDs 1–4, followed by a rapid decrease to a substantially null level in adulthood (Couture-Haws et al., 1991; Yoshioka et al., 2016). The EP1 protein was localiz

• br The classical ubiquitination pathway Ubiquitination is an

  2020-01-07

  

  The classical ubiquitination pathway Ubiquitination is an enzymatic process that involves the addition of an ubiquitin protein to a substrate that usually becomes inactivated followed by degradation in the proteasome; however, several other functions have also been described. For the discovery of

• In most cases the ligand affinity between subtypes is simila

  2020-01-06

  

  In most cases, the ligand affinity between subtypes is similar, but their tissue distribution is different. In the case of the estrogen receptors (ER), two subtypes (ERα and ERβ) exist (Kuiper et al., 1996) and ERβ has several isoforms, designated ERβ1–5 (Moore et al., 1998) or ERβcx (Ogawa et al.,

• Introduction With an annual world production of around milli

  2020-01-06

  

  Introduction With an annual world production of around 750 million tons, wheat is grown on more agricultural area than any other food crop and is the main source of plant protein in human nutrition [1,2]. Wheat is composed of 8–15% protein, from which 85–90% is gluten [3]. The unique viscoelastic a

• TR provides requirements for qualification of

  2020-01-06

  

  TR-107330 (1996) provides requirements for qualification of commercial PLC. It uses the criteria of NUREG/CR-6421. EPRI TR-104159 (1995) includes experience about dedicating COTS SW for PLC-based digital systems such as DAFAS (Diverse Auxiliary Feedwater Actuation System) and Emergency Diesel Bus Lo

• ERR induces the expression of P

  2020-01-06

  

  ERRγ induces the expression of P450c17 in MA-10 cells and in mouse primary Leydig cells (Fig. 2). Deletion mutant analysis of putative ERRγ-binding sites in the P450c17 promoter suggested that only the proximal third site located between −269 bp and −136 bp within the P450c17 promoter is functional

• br Structure and function of EPAC isoforms EPACs

  2020-01-06

  

  Structure and function of EPAC isoforms EPACs are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Ras-like GTPases Rap1 and Rap2 [9]. There are two mammalian EPAC isoforms, EPAC1 and EPAC2 1, 2 (Figure 1). Whereas EPAC1 displays a wide tissue distribution, the expression of EPAC2 is more restr

• br Genomic and non genomic signaling

  2020-01-03

  

  Genomic and non-genomic signaling crosstalk As exemplified in the previous sections, it is evident that the mechanisms of action of estrogen in the various cell targets represent a combination of complex multifactorial processes. Besides the independent genomic and non-genomic pathways described

• A number of factors have been shown to

  2020-01-03

  

  A number of factors have been shown to remove blocking end groups in order to make the termini of DSBs ligatable. A common non-ligatable end is one that contains either a 3′ phosphate or 5′ hydroxyl. The polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase (PNKP) is the NHEJ processing enzyme responsible for removing

• IL is not expressed in tissues constitutively because

  2020-01-03

  

  IL-8 is not expressed in tissues constitutively because of its strong chemoattractant, proinflammatory, and angiogenic activities. Rather, it is an inducible factor, produced by a variety of cell types, including leukocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells, in response to proinflammato

• In a previous study we reported

  2020-01-03

  

  In a previous study we reported that the systemic administration of the α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin attenuates the deficit in 95 9 reward function associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal (Bruijnzeel et al., 2010). One of the aims of the present experiments was to investigate

• As the COMT enzyme is primarily related to

  2020-01-03

  

  As the COMT enzyme is primarily related to prefrontal dopamine degradation (e.g., Yavich et al., 2007), the present study supports the notion that prefrontal dopamine modulates retention of fear extinction rather than within-session extinction (Abraham et al., 2014). Consistent with other studies we

• akt pathway br Acknowledgements br Introduction Protein tyro

  2020-01-03

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Protein–tyrosine phosphorylation, catalyzed by protein–tyrosine kinases and protein–tyrosine phosphatases, has a pivotal role in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular processes. Similar numbers of tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphatases are encoded by th

• FPH1 br Oxidoreductase like MEM for prodrug activation

  2020-01-03

  

  Oxidoreductase-like MEM for prodrug activation Future outlook Although MEM-mediated prodrug activation has been performed by different MEMs and prodrugs, and their effectiveness have been proved in vivo, only a few types of MEMs or prodrugs have been explored in prodrug activation until now [2

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